Location
Location is the actual physical position of things on the earth. It can be described in two ways: Relative and Absolute. Relative location describes where something is in relation to some other position. Absolute, on the other hand, provides the exact location, usually using latitude and longitude. Understanding location is vital to operating in the modern world; without it we would have no GPS, and giving directions to your house would be an impossibility.
GPS
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Using GPS is the easiest way to determine the absolute location. GPS satellites are actually fairly simple, all they do is very precisely broadcast the current time. A GPS receiver measures the time difference from several satellites to triangulate the current location. There is currently an effort underway to modernize the current system, so as to make it more accurate and faster.
Latitude and Longitude
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Before GPS, the only way to accurately transcribe an exact location was using Latitude and Longitude. The lines can be broken down from degrees to minutes, seconds, and decimalization of seconds, so as to achieve greater precision. The system of using Latitude and Longitude is actually incredibly old; it was first used by Hipparchus in the 2nd century B.C.E.